BASIC COMPUTER COMPONENTS
A computer is a tool that processes raw data into information.
Computers consist of:
1. Hardware – any part of the computer system that you can see and touch (input devices, output devices and storage devices)
2. Software – programs which tell the computer what to do.
Major functions:
- Input – accepting data
- Processing – manipulating data
- Output – the results of processing
- Storage – storing the data and results for future use
THE SUB-PROCESS DIAGRAM
Components of a Computer
There are 5 general categories:
1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): this is the brain of the computer and controls how the rest of the computer works. The CPU consists of :
a. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU) – performs all the calculations and logic (decision making) operations.
b. Control Unit (CU) – carries out instructions in the software and directs the flow of data through the computer system.
2. Input Devices: these put data into the computer, e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.
3. Output Devices: these get processed data out of a computer, e.g. printer, monitor, speakers etc.
4. Memory: enables a computer to temporarily store instructions and data.
5. Storage Devices: these are devices used to read/write data and information to/from storage media (CD, floppy etc), e.g. floppy disk drive, CD-ROM/DVD drive, hard disk drive etc.
Data vs Information
Data - raw facts and figures, eg. Gaby, wednesday, 20 etc.
Information - 1. Processed Data
2. The result of processing
3. Output
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