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Lesson 1-1: Basic Computer Components

Page history last edited by Ms. R. Singh 13 years, 4 months ago

BASIC COMPUTER COMPONENTS

 

A computer is a tool that processes raw data into information.

 

Computers consist of:

1. Hardware – any part of the computer system that you can see and touch (input devices, output devices and storage devices)

2. Software – programs which tell the computer what to do.

 

Major functions:

  1. Input – accepting data
  2. Processing – manipulating data
  3. Output – the results of processing
  4. Storage – storing the data and results for future use

 

 

THE SUB-PROCESS DIAGRAM

 

 

Components of a Computer

There are 5 general categories:

 

1. Central Processing Unit (CPU): this is the brain of the computer and controls how the rest of the computer works. The CPU consists of :

 

          a. Arithmetic Logic Unit (ALU)performs all the calculations and logic (decision making) operations.

          b. Control Unit (CU)carries out instructions in the software and directs the flow of data through the computer system.

 

2. Input Devices: these put data into the computer, e.g. keyboard, mouse, scanner etc.

 

3. Output Devices: these get processed data out of a computer, e.g. printer, monitor, speakers etc.

 

4. Memory: enables a computer to temporarily store instructions and data.

 

5. Storage Devices: these are devices used to read/write data and information to/from storage media (CD, floppy etc), e.g. floppy disk drive, CD-ROM/DVD drive, hard disk drive etc.

 

 

Data  vs  Information

 

Data - raw facts and figures, eg. Gaby, wednesday, 20 etc.

 

Information - 1. Processed Data

                         2. The result of processing

                         3. Output

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

 

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